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141 terms found
A structured problem-solving and continuous improvement approach that uses a single A3-sized sheet of paper to capture the current state,…
The maximum percentage or number of defective units in a lot that can be considered acceptable for acceptance sampling purposes.…
A statistical quality control method in which a random sample is drawn from a lot or batch of items and…
The degree of closeness between a measured or calculated value and the true or accepted reference value. Accuracy reflects how…
A qualitative data organization tool used to group large amounts of ideas, opinions, or issues into natural clusters based on…
The ability of an organization or process to rapidly sense and respond to changes in the environment, customer needs, or…
The process of ensuring that an organization's processes, resources, objectives, and activities are coherently directed toward supporting its overall strategy…
A visual management tool used in lean manufacturing to provide real-time information about the status of a production process. Andon…
Analysis of Variance is a statistical technique used to compare the means of two or more groups to determine whether…
A type of qualitative data that classifies items into categories, such as conforming or nonconforming, pass or fail, present or…
A systematic, independent, and documented examination of a process, system, product, or organization to determine whether activities and results comply…
A lean manufacturing principle, also known as jidoka, that involves equipping machines with human-like intelligence to detect abnormalities and automatically…
A measure of central tendency calculated by summing all values in a data set and dividing by the number of…
A strategic performance management framework developed by Robert Kaplan and David Norton that measures organizational performance across four perspectives: financial,…
An initial measurement or set of measurements taken at the start of an improvement initiative to represent the current state…
A defined quantity of material or a group of items processed together under the same conditions during a single production…
The process of comparing an organization's processes, performance metrics, or practices against those of recognized industry leaders or best-in-class organizations…
A method, technique, or process that has been recognized through experience and research as the most effective and efficient way…
A Six Sigma role designation for an individual who has received extensive training in Six Sigma methodologies and leads complex…
A graphical representation of a system or process that uses labeled blocks to represent components, functions, or steps, connected by…
A group creativity technique used to generate a large number of ideas or solutions to a problem in a short…
A significant, dramatic improvement in process performance that goes beyond incremental gains and results in a fundamental change in how…
The process of comparing a measurement instrument or device against a known standard of known accuracy to detect, correct, or…
The inherent ability of a process, as characterized by its natural variation, to produce output that consistently falls within specified…
A visual tool used to systematically identify and display the potential causes of a specific problem or effect. Also known…
The horizontal line in a control chart that represents the average or mean of the process data being plotted. The…
The formal recognition or attestation by an authorized body that an individual, product, process, or management system meets specified requirements…
A senior leader or executive who provides strategic support, resources, and organizational direction for improvement projects, particularly in Six Sigma…
A structured approach to transitioning individuals, teams, and organizations from a current state to a desired future state. Effective change…
A structured data collection form used to record the frequency of events, defects, or characteristics in real time. Check sheets…
A simple yet effective quality tool consisting of a structured list of items, tasks, or criteria that must be completed…
An ongoing, systematic effort to enhance products, services, and processes by making incremental improvements over time. Rooted in the philosophy…
A statistical process control tool that graphs process data over time and uses statistically derived control limits to distinguish between…
The upper control limit and lower control limit on a control chart, calculated from process data as typically three standard…
A reactive measure taken to identify and eliminate the root cause of a detected nonconformity or undesirable situation to prevent…
The total cost incurred to ensure quality and manage the consequences of poor quality. It comprises prevention costs, which are…
A process capability index that measures the potential capability of a process by comparing the spread of the specification range…
A process capability index that accounts for both the spread and the centering of a process relative to the specification…
The key measurable characteristics or features of a product, service, or process that have the most significant impact on customer…
A measure of how well the products, services, and overall experience provided by an organization meet or exceed customer expectations.…
The total elapsed time required to complete one cycle of a process, from the start of the first activity to…
A collection of raw facts, measurements, observations, or values that are gathered, recorded, or stored for the purpose of analysis,…
The process of systematically inspecting, cleaning, transforming, and modeling data with the goal of discovering useful information, drawing conclusions, and…
A condition in which a product, service, or process characteristic fails to meet a specified requirement or customer expectation. Defects…
A unit of product or service that contains one or more defects and therefore fails to meet the required standards…
The first phase of the DMAIC problem-solving methodology in which the project scope, problem statement, goals, customer requirements, and team…
A four-stage iterative management method for continuous improvement of processes and products, consisting of Plan, Do, Check, and Act. Also…
The systematic communication and distribution of an organization's strategic objectives, plans, or initiatives throughout all levels of the organization to…
A systematic statistical methodology used to plan, conduct, analyze, and interpret controlled tests or experiments that evaluate the factors affecting…
The difference between an observed or measured value and a reference value such as the mean, target, or standard. In…
A Six Sigma design methodology used for developing new products or processes, consisting of five phases: Define, Measure, Analyze, Design,…
A structured, data-driven problem-solving methodology used in Six Sigma improvement projects, consisting of five phases: Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, and…
The creation, management, and maintenance of records, procedures, specifications, and other written or electronic information that provides evidence of activities…
Any period during which a process, machine, or system is not operational or producing output, whether due to scheduled maintenance,…
The degree to which planned activities are realized and planned results are achieved. An effective process consistently delivers the intended…
The ratio of useful output produced to the total input consumed in a process, reflecting how well resources such as…
The eight categories of non-value-adding activities in lean thinking that consume resources without providing value to the customer. They are:…
The practice of granting employees the authority, resources, information, and accountability to make decisions and take actions within their areas…
Also known as poka-yoke, error proofing involves designing processes, tools, or systems in a way that makes it impossible or…
A person, organization, or entity outside of the producing organization that receives and uses the products or services delivered. Understanding…
The inability of a product, process, system, or service to perform its required function under specified conditions. Failures may be…
A specific way in which a product, component, or process can fail to meet its intended function or requirement. Identifying…
Information about the results, performance, or outcomes of a process, product, or behavior that is used to adjust, correct, or…
First In, First Out is an inventory management principle that ensures the oldest stock or materials are used or processed…
A measure of the percentage of units or items that successfully complete a process without requiring rework, repair, or rejection…
A cause-and-effect diagram shaped like a fish skeleton, used to visually organize and display the potential root causes of a…
A definition of quality attributed to Joseph Juran, which holds that a product or service achieves quality when it is…
An iterative root cause analysis technique that involves repeatedly asking the question 'Why?' in response to each answer, typically five…
In lean thinking, flow refers to the smooth, continuous, and uninterrupted movement of materials, information, or work through a process…
A graphical representation of the sequential steps, decisions, and flows involved in a process or system, using standardized symbols such…
Failure Mode and Effects Analysis is a structured, proactive risk assessment method used to identify potential failure modes in a…
A qualitative research technique in which a small, diverse group of participants engages in guided discussion to share their opinions,…
A group of related activities, responsibilities, or competencies within an organization that are directed toward a common purpose or objective.…
A measurement system analysis study, commonly known as Gage R&R, that quantifies the variation in measurement data attributable to the…
A structured assessment technique used to identify the difference between the current state of a process, system, or organization and…
A broad statement of a desired outcome or achievement that an organization or individual aims to accomplish within a specified…
A set of regulations, guidelines, and principles established by regulatory authorities to ensure that products, particularly in pharmaceutical, food, and…
A Six Sigma practitioner who has been trained in the DMAIC methodology and statistical tools and leads or participates in…
A psychological phenomenon that occurs within a group when the desire for harmony, conformity, or consensus overrides realistic appraisal of…
Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points is a systematic preventive food safety management system that identifies, evaluates, and controls biological,…
A bar graph that displays the frequency distribution of a data set by grouping data into intervals or bins and…
A strategic planning and management deployment method originating from Japan that aligns organizational objectives with the daily activities of all…
A proposed explanation or prediction about the relationship between variables or the cause of an observed phenomenon, formulated to be…
A positive, beneficial change in a product, service, process, or system that results in increased performance, quality, efficiency, or customer…
A process that exhibits only common cause variation, meaning its outputs vary within predictable, statistically defined limits without any special…
The act of examining, measuring, testing, gauging, or otherwise comparing a product, material, or service against applicable requirements to determine…
An employee, department, or process within an organization that receives the output of another internal process and depends on its…
Materials, components, work-in-progress, and finished goods held at various stages of the production or service delivery process. While some inventory…
A cause-and-effect analysis tool developed by Kaoru Ishikawa that helps teams identify and organize potential root causes of a quality…
The International Organization for Standardization is an independent, non-governmental international body that develops and publishes voluntary consensus-based standards covering a…
An international standard that specifies requirements for an environmental management system, enabling organizations to improve their environmental performance through more…
An international standard for occupational health and safety management systems that provides a framework for organizations to improve employee safety,…
An internationally recognized standard that specifies requirements for a quality management system that organizations can use to consistently provide products…
A lean manufacturing principle meaning automation with a human touch, in which machines are designed to detect abnormalities and stop…
Just-in-Time is a lean production strategy that aims to produce and deliver the right items in the right quantity at…
A standardized document or training method that clearly describes how a specific task or job should be performed, including the…
A quality management framework developed by Joseph Juran consisting of three interrelated processes: quality planning, which involves identifying customers and…
A visual scheduling and workflow management system originating from Toyota that uses cards, bins, or digital signals to authorize and…
A model developed by Noriaki Kano that categorizes customer requirements into three types: basic needs, which cause dissatisfaction when absent…
A process that is identified as critical to the achievement of an organization's strategic objectives or to the delivery of…
The understanding, skills, and insights gained through experience, education, or research that can be applied to achieve desired outcomes. In…
Key Performance Indicators are quantifiable metrics used to evaluate the success of an organization, department, process, or individual in achieving…
The total elapsed time from the initiation of a request or order to its completion or delivery. Lead time encompasses…
A systematic methodology and management philosophy focused on maximizing customer value while eliminating all forms of waste in processes. Lean…
The process of distributing work tasks and workloads evenly across all workstations or operators in a production line to eliminate…
A defined quantity of a product or material that has been produced or processed under essentially the same conditions within…
The arithmetic average of a data set, calculated by summing all values and dividing by the number of observations. The…
The process of quantifying a characteristic, property, or attribute of a product, process, or phenomenon using a calibrated instrument or…
A quantifiable measure used to track and assess the status or performance of a specific process, activity, or outcome against…
A Japanese term for waste, referring to any activity or resource expenditure in a process that consumes time, materials, space,…
The failure of a product, service, process, or system characteristic to meet a specified requirement. Nonconformities are documented, classified, and…
A symmetrical, bell-shaped probability distribution that describes the distribution of many natural and process-related phenomena where most observations cluster around…
A specific, measurable, and time-bound statement of a desired result that supports the achievement of broader organizational goals. In quality…
A lean production approach in which individual units are processed and moved one at a time through sequential steps in…
A bar chart combined with a line graph that displays categories of problems or causes in descending order of frequency…
The Plan-Do-Check-Act cycle is a four-step iterative method for continuous improvement used to test changes and implement those that prove…
A set of interrelated or interacting activities that transforms inputs into outputs. Processes use resources such as people, equipment, materials,…
A statistical measure of the inherent ability of a process to produce output that consistently meets specification limits, based on…
A production scheduling and inventory management approach in which work is initiated only in response to an actual downstream demand…
A production planning approach in which materials and products are manufactured and moved forward through the process based on a…
The degree to which a set of inherent characteristics of a product, service, process, or system fulfills requirements from customers,…
The part of quality management focused on providing confidence that quality requirements will be fulfilled by establishing and maintaining systems,…
The operational techniques and activities used to monitor and verify that quality requirements are being met, including inspection, testing, and…
Variation in process output that is inherent, natural, and predictable, arising from many small, independent causes that are always present…
A statistical method used to model and quantify the relationship between one or more independent variables and a dependent variable.…
The ability of a product, system, or process to perform its required function without failure under stated conditions for a…
The fundamental, underlying reason or source of a problem or nonconformity, the elimination of which prevents recurrence. Identifying the root…
A graph that displays data points plotted in chronological order over time, used to detect trends, shifts, cycles, or other…
A documented agreement containing technical specifications, criteria, methods, or guidelines that are used consistently to ensure that materials, products, processes,…
A statistical measure of the spread or dispersion of a set of values around their mean, calculated as the square…
An organization or individual that provides a product, service, material, or information to another organization or process as an input.…
A set of interrelated or interacting elements that work together to achieve a common purpose or objective. In quality management,…
The available production time divided by the rate of customer demand, expressing the pace at which products must be produced…
The upper boundary line on a control chart, typically set at three standard deviations above the process mean, which represents…
The confirmation, through the provision of objective evidence, that the requirements for a specific intended use or application have been…
The complete sequence of activities, both value-adding and non-value-adding, required to bring a product or service from raw material or…
The difference in output between individual units, process cycles, or time periods, arising from changes in input variables, process conditions,…
Any activity, resource, or output that consumes time, effort, materials, or space without adding value from the perspective of the…
The defined sequence of tasks, steps, and decisions through which work passes from initiation to completion in a process. Effective…
The percentage of units or outputs from a process that meet specified quality requirements without requiring rework or being scrapped.…
A quality philosophy and performance standard, popularized by Philip Crosby, that advocates for the elimination of all defects by doing…
